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This dissertation provides the first systematic analysis of the dynamic energy efficiency of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for optical interconnects, a key technology to address the pressing ecological and economic issues of the exponentially growing energy consumption in data centers. Energy-efficient data communication is one of the most important fields in “Green Photonics” enabling higher bit rates at significantly reduced energy consumption per bit. In this thesis the static and dynamic properties of GaAs-based oxide-confined VCSELs emitting at 850 nm and 980 nm are analyzed and general rules for achieving energy-efficient data transmission using VCSELs at any wavelength are derived. These rules are verified in data transmission experiments leading to record energy-efficient data transmission across a wide range of multimode optical fiber distances and at high temperatures up to 85°C. Important trade-offs between energy efficiency, temperature stability, modulation bandwidth, low current-density operation and other VCSEL properties are revealed and discussed.

Applied Physics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Semiconductor lasers --- Optical interconnects --- Energy consumption. --- Optical interconnections --- Integrated optics --- Lasers --- Telecommunication. --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Semiconductors. --- Energy Efficiency. --- Communications Engineering, Networks. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Electric communication --- Mass communication --- Telecom --- Telecommunication industry --- Telecommunications --- Communication --- Information theory --- Telecommuting --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Energy efficiency. --- Electrical engineering. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Consumption of energy --- Energy efficiency --- Fuel consumption --- Fuel efficiency --- Power resources --- Energy conservation --- Crystalline semiconductors --- Semi-conductors --- Semiconducting materials --- Semiconductor devices --- Crystals --- Electrical engineering --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Electric engineering --- Engineering --- Materials

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Contains the ideas of Advocate General Francis Jacobs. This book features contributions from fifteen EU law practitioners and academics and covers a range of EU law topics. It is intended for those seeking a greater insight into the workings of the European Court of Justice and the role of the Advocate General.

Law --- Jacobs, Francis Geoffrey, --- Court of Justice of the European Communities.